Django怎么编写数据模型类
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设计数据库和表结构是做网站的基础。在Django中,不需要通过SQL语句直接跟数据库打交道,而是完全用Python的类来创建数据模型,之后交给Django完成创建数据库的操作。
数据模型类
数据模型类需要在 应用目录下的
models.py
文件中编写
编写数据模型
下面的代码演示了在 models.py 中定义了一个博客文章的类
from django.db import models from django.utils import timezone from django.contrib.auth.models import User # Create your models here. class BlogArticles(models.Model): # Django中的数据模型类都继承自 django.db.models.Model类 # 字段 title 的属性为 CharField 类型,并且参数长度为 300 title = models.CharField(max_length=300) """ 字段 author 使用 ForeignKey 规定了博客文章和用户之间的关系:一个用户对应多篇文章 models.CASCADE 表示级联删除 related_name="blog_posts" 表示允许User类的实例以 "blog_posts" 属性反向查询到BlogArticles类的实例 """ author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="blog_posts") body = models.TextField() publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now) """ ordering = ("-publish",) 规定BlogArticles类的实例按 publish 字段值倒序显示 """ class Meta: ordering = ("-publish",) """ 重写父类的方法,使得当使用 str()函数转换该类的实例为字符串时,返回 title 属性的值 """ def __str__(self): return self.title
根据数据模型建立数据库表
创建数据库表文件
E:\PycharmProjects\demosite>python manage.py makemigrations Migrations for 'blog': blog\migrations\0002_auto_20190720_1919.py - Alter field publish on blogarticles
上面执行结果的提示信息中,告诉我们在
blog/migrations
目录中创建了一个 BlogArticles模型,模型编号为 0001。可以输入以下命令查看相对应的SQL语句:
E:\PycharmProjects\demosite>python manage.py sqlmigrate blog 0001 System check identified some issues: WARNINGS: blog.BlogArticles.publish: (fields.W161) Fixed default value provided. HINT: It seems you set a fixed date / time / datetime value as default for this field. This may not be what you want. If you want to have the current date as default, use `django.utils.timezone.now` BEGIN; -- -- Create model BlogArticles -- CREATE TABLE "blog_blogarticles" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" varchar(300) NOT NULL, "body" text NOT NULL, "publish" datetime NOT NULL, "author_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "auth_user" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED); CREATE INDEX "blog_blogarticles_author_id_ed798e23" ON "blog_blogarticles" ("author_id"); COMMIT;
在数据库中表名格式为:
小写的应用名称_小写的类名称
创建数据库
(demosite) E:\PycharmProjects\demosite>python manage.py migrate System check identified some issues: WARNINGS: blog.BlogArticles.publish: (fields.W161) Fixed default value provided. HINT: It seems you set a fixed date / time / datetime value as default for this field. This may not be what you want. If you want to have the current date as default, use `django.utils.timezone.now` Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, blog, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK Applying blog.0001_initial... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
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